Carbohydrates+and+Lipids


 * [[image:ucanaandp/Glucose metab..png width="278" height="176" align="right"]]__CARBOHYDRATES__ **
 * Sugars and starches
 * Polymers
 * Contain C, H, and O [(CH20)n]
 * Three classes:
 * Monosaccharides – one sugar
 * Disaccharides – two sugars
 * Polysaccharides – many sugars

**2.** __**Disaccharides **__
 * 1. **__**Monosaccharides **__
 * Simple sugars containing three to seven C atoms[[image:ucanaandp/Glucose.jpg width="319" height="309" align="right"]]
 * (CH20)n – general formula; n = # C atoms
 * Monomers of carbohydrates
 * Important monosaccharides:
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Pentose sugars
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Ribose and deoxyribose
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Hexose sugars
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Glucose (blood sugar)
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Double sugars
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Too large to pass through cell membranes


 * 3.** __**<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Polysaccharides **__
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Polymers of monosaccharides
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Important polysaccharides:
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Starch and glycogen
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Not very soluble

__**<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">LIPIDS **__
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Contain C, H, O (less than in carbohydrates), and sometimes P
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Insoluble in water
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Main types:
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Neutral fats or triglycerides
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Phospholipids
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Steroids
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Eicosanoids

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">**1. __Neutral Fats or Triglycerides__**
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Composed of three fatty acids bonded to a glycerol molecule
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Main functions:
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Energy storage
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Insulation
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Protection

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">**2. __Saturation of Fatty Acids__**
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Saturated fatty acids
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Single covalent bonds between C atoms (Solid animal fats, e.g., butter)
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Unsaturated fatty acids “HEAR HEALTHY”
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">One or more double bonds between C atoms
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Reduced number of H atoms (Plant oils, e.g., olive oil)

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