Proteins+and+Nucleic+Acids

__**PROTEINS**__
 * Contain **C, H, O, N** (sometimes S and P too)
 * Proteins are __poly__mers


 * __1. Amino Acids__**
 * **Amino acids** (AA) are the __mono__mers (22 different ones) in proteins
 * Joined by covalent bonds called **peptide bonds[[image:ucanaandp/Protein 2.jpg align="right"]]**
 * Contain amine group and acid group
 * All AA are identical except for “**R group**”
 * Can act as either **Acid** or **Base**
 * __2. Protein structures__**


 * __3. Fibrous and Globular Proteins__**
 * Fibrous**proteins (structural) **Globular** proteins (functional)
 * __4. Denaturation of proteins__**
 * Denaturation
 * Globular proteins unfold and lose functional, 3-D shape
 * Active sites destroyed
 * Can be caused by decreased pH or increased temperature
 * Usually reversible if normal conditions restored
 * Irreversible if changes extreme (e.g. cooking an egg)


 * __5. Enzymes__**
 * Globular proteins that act as biological catalysts



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Biochemistry